Signs That Inflation is Set to Rise

Inflation is likely to rise quickly in the next few months, and that could put the Federal Reserve in a difficult situation much earlier than it anticipated.

A number of inflation pressures are increasing.

One example is rising demand for many goods and services as more vaccines are administered and economic activity increases. That puts strain on a lot of supply chains.

Many business surveys reveal that firms are having trouble hiring enough qualified people to meet demand and obtaining all the materials they need. Local business owners have told me the worker shortage is real.

Supply problems are particularly bad in housing and auto manufacturing, but they are widespread around the economy.

These forces are pressuring prices higher on most goods and services.We see early signs of inflation in the sharp rise in commodity prices and in the increase in the breakeven inflation rate in the bond markets.

Also, factors that restrained inflation since 1982, such as globalization and just-in-time inventory methods, are fading. The only disinflationary force still strongly in place is automation and technology.

The spike in energy and gas prices the last few months will find its way into the Consumer Price Index (CPI) very quickly. Without offsetting price declines in other sectors, rising energy prices could push the CPI to a 4% annualized rate during some months this summer.

The monthly CPI will decline after that spike, but it is likely to strike some fear in the markets and test the resolve of the Fed.I believe the Fed will stay with its announced policy and maintain easy monetary policy until either sustained inflation (not spikes that last a few months) is above its target or strong economic growth seems sustainable without support from the Fed.

The overall U.S. economy and corporate profits are almost back to their pre-pandemic levels, but there’s a lot of weakness and uncertainty in this very uneven economy.

Unemployment still is far above its pre-pandemic levels, and many people dropped out of the labor force.

Travel and leisure sectors are bouncing back from recession lows, but still are a long way from their levels at the end of 2019.We might see a retreat in sectors that did well during the pandemic as more households and businesses return to pre-pandemic activities.

Growth also could falter when the current stimulus programs end, followed by higher taxes and trade restrictions. The Fed is committed to support-ing the markets, but there are unique risks to stocks today.

Retail investing increased significantly during the pandemic, and a lot of those investors use leverage instead of simply buying stocks for cash. Leverage always heightens market risk.

In addition, there’s the risk that many of these new retail investors will reduce their portfolio activities. They might have less interest in investing as other activities re-open or they find consistent investment success can be hard work.

Continued weakness in other economies around the world also restrains U.S. growth. Also, as growth in the U.S. outpaces the rest of the world, capital is likely to move from other countries to the United States and slow growth in those other countries.

Even if the CPI increases as I expect in the coming months, the Fed isn’t likely to take actions to restrain inflation.

Its priority is to maintain growth until sustained inflation is too high to ignore.The markets are going to push interest rates higher before the Fed does. The Fed might react by buying more longer-term bonds to prevent those interest rates from rising too far above the short-term rates the Fed typically controls.

The second half of 2021 could be an interesting one. Inflation and growth are likely to be stronger than are priced into the markets, and the Fed could be under pressure to change its policy.